Probiotic for dogs and cats – how to choose?

The bodies of dogs and cats are equipped with many defense mechanisms that allow them to effectively combat pathogens. One of the most important elements of the immune system in these animals is the gut microbiota. Probiotics for dogs and cats can help maintain its balance. How do these supplements work and what should you consider when choosing one?

Role of the gut microbiome in the health of dogs and cats

The gut microbiome of dogs and cats (also called gut microbiota or gut flora) refers to the totality of microorganisms inhabiting the digestive tract of animals. It is primarily composed of bacteria, although fungi, protozoa, and archaea are also present in the intestines of these animals. Most of the microorganisms inhabit the final part of the digestive tract – the large intestine. The microorganisms that live in the digestive tract of dogs and cats are invisible allies in the fight for their health. The diversity of species in the microbiome is considered one of the factors promoting proper body function. These microorganisms have a significant impact on immunity – they stimulate the immune system, strengthen the intestinal barrier, synthesize antimicrobial substances, and help fight pathogens. Beneficial microorganisms also aid in digestion and nutrient absorption. The gut bacteria of dogs and cats have the ability to ferment fiber, produce short-chain fatty acids, and synthesize certain enzymes and vitamins (such as vitamin K and B vitamins). Interestingly, the gut microbiome can also influence the mood and functioning of the nervous system in dogs and cats. It affects the production of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and GABA.

Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics – which one to choose?

The composition of the gut microbiota can change with age, as a result of diseases, or dietary changes. Special dietary supplements can help modify the gut microbiome of dogs and cats: probiotics, postbiotics, and prebiotics. What are the differences between these products?

• Probiotics are preparations containing live microorganisms that colonize the intestines and restore the balance of the gut microbiota, limiting the growth of pathogens and stimulating the growth of beneficial bacteria.
• Prebiotics are food ingredients that stimulate the growth or activity of beneficial gut microorganisms by creating a favorable environment for them. A prebiotic for dogs and cats usually contains mannan oligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, or galactooligosaccharides.
• Synbiotics are a combination of prebiotics and probiotics for dogs and cats. The simultaneous use of both components enhances the effectiveness of such products.
• Postbiotics are substances produced by gut microorganisms that can influence the immunity or gut health of dogs and cats. The main postbiotics include short-chain fatty acids and bacteriocins.

Other substances supporting the gut microbiome

The composition of the gut microbiota of dogs and cats changes depending on their diet. The development of beneficial bacteria depends mainly on the inclusion of carbohydrates and proteins in the diet. Increasing the content of these ingredients in the diet can have a positive effect on the microbiome of the digestive tract. It is also worth enriching the diet of pets with ingredients that strengthen the intestinal barrier and regulate the digestive environment. Substances that may indirectly affect the gut microbiome include polyphenols and glutamine.

When to give a probiotic to a dog or cat?

Probiotics for dogs to support the intestines are used both prophylactically and therapeutically. Prophylactic administration of probiotics can bring particular benefits to senior dogs, as the number of Bifidobacterium bacteria decreases with age. A good probiotic for dogs can also support the development of gut flora in puppies. It is also worth considering probiotics in cases of weakened immunity in pets, especially during times of increased risk of infections. Similar indications for administering probiotics apply to cats. A probiotic for a dog or cat is also useful when the pet is exposed to factors that may affect the gut microbiota. These include:

• chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease),
• allergies and food intolerances,
• specialist diets (e.g., low-protein),
• environmental changes (e.g., travel),
• intestinal parasite infestations,
• worming,
• intensive physical exertion,
• stress.

Probiotics for dogs or cats can also support the prevention/therapy of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, obesity, pancreatic diseases, and kidney failure.

Antibiotic therapy, diarrhea, and vomiting

One of the most important indications for the use of probiotics for dogs and cats is antibiotic therapy. Antibiotics disturb the balance of the gut microbiota. Their use leads to a reduction in the diversity and numbers of beneficial microorganisms. As a result, it may cause diarrhea, vomiting, and other digestive issues in dogs or cats. A good probiotic for dogs and cats prevents dysbiosis (disruption of the gut microbiome) and helps rebuild populations of beneficial bacteria. This way, it can reduce the side effects of antibiotic therapy. Probiotics for dogs and cats, by influencing the intestines, the microorganisms living in them, and their activity, can reduce digestive issues such as diarrhea, vomiting, and bloating.

Behavioral support

There is a close relationship between gut health and mental well-being. Probiotics for dogs and cats can affect the gut-brain axis by regulating the secretion of neurotransmitters such as serotonin. As a result, the bacterial flora in dogs and cats can provide support in stressful situations or during behavioral therapy. It is worth considering probiotics for dogs and cats, especially if pets experience diarrhea due to stress.

How to choose the best probiotic for your dog?

The best probiotic for dogs and cats is one that is specifically tailored to the pet's needs. When choosing a product, you should pay attention to the type and strain of bacteria it contains and the number of microorganisms in the product. Which probiotics for dogs or cats should you choose? It is worth opting for products that contain microorganisms whose positive effects on the health of animals have been scientifically proven. A good choice may be preparations that comprehensively support gut flora – containing postbiotics, prebiotics, and probiotics for dogs. One such product is ImmuneControl, which contains, among other ingredients, Enterococcus faecium bacteria, fructooligosaccharides, and beta-glucans. Additionally, the probiotic for dogs or cats should be easy to administer. It is therefore worth choosing, for example, a probiotic in the form of a paste in a syringe.

Can I give a human probiotic to my dog?

Using probiotics intended for humans in pets is not recommended. The effectiveness and safety of these products have not been tested in animals. Therefore, the effects of their use are difficult to predict. A human probiotic from a pharmacy may worsen dysbiosis in a pet. The low pH in the stomachs of dogs and cats may also negatively affect the bacteria in human probiotics, preventing them from colonizing the animal's intestines.

How long should I give a probiotic to my dog?

The duration of probiotic use in dogs or cats should be tailored to the specifics of their problems. Usually, in the case of diarrhea, these preparations should be given for at least 5–14 days. Probiotics for dogs and cats should also be used during antibiotic therapy and for 2 weeks after its completion. In the case of chronic diseases, probiotic therapy often lasts for a minimum of 3–4 months.

How to administer a probiotic to a dog?

The dosage of such a supplement should follow the recommendations of the manufacturer or veterinarian. Probiotics can usually be combined with other digestive tract treatments, such as stomach protectants for dogs or cats. A probiotic for a dog should be administered 2–3 hours after taking an antibiotic.

Probiotics for dogs and cats – FAQ

Which probiotic should I choose for my dog? A probiotic for dogs should contain microorganisms that positively affect immunity, digestion, and the health of the digestive system. The product must be safe for the pet and easy to administer. Can I use a human probiotic for my dog from the pharmacy? Dogs should not receive probiotics meant for humans. If you wish to use such a product , consult your veterinarian first. Where can I buy a probiotic for my dog? Probiotics for dogs are best purchased at a veterinary clinic. There you can find products like ImmuneControl from Petipharm. Some products are also available at specialized veterinary or pet stores. When should I give my dog a probiotic? Probiotics for dogs are mainly recommended during and after antibiotic therapy. These preparations can also support the treatment of digestive diseases in dogs. They are also useful during periods of increased physical exertion or stress. Prophylactically, they should be given to senior dogs, puppies, and pets with weakened immunity. How long should I give a probiotic to my dog? In the case of acute diarrhea, probiotics for dogs should be used for 5–14 days. Probiotics should also be administered throughout antibiotic therapy and for another 2 weeks after its completion. If your dog has chronic conditions that affect gut flora, probiotics should be given for several months. What forms do probiotics for dogs come in? Probiotics for dogs are available in various forms. Some of the most popular include powders.

References

• Pilla R., Suchodolski J.S., The Gut Microbiome of Dogs and Cats, and the Influence of Diet, Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 2021, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 605-621.
• Stavroulaki E.M., Suchodolski J.S., Xenoulis P.G., Effects of antimicrobials on the gastrointestinal microbiota of dogs and cats, Veterinary Journal 2023.
• Suchodolski J.S., Intestinal microbiota of dogs and cats: a bigger world than we thought, Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 2011, vol. 41(2), pp. 261-72.
• Wernimont S.M., Radosevich J., Jackson M.I., Ephraim E., Badri D.V., MacLeay J.M., Jewell D.E., Suchodolski J.S., The Effects of Nutrition on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Cats and Dogs: Impact on Health and Disease, Frontiers in Microbiology 2020, vol. 11, 1266.